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51.
Raquel Fernndez Borja Fernndez dArlas Patricia A. Oyanguren Iaki Mondragon 《Thermochimica Acta》2009,493(1-2):6-13
Novel fluorescent materials were satisfactorily synthesized. With this aim, an epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) was reacted with a laser dye, rhodamine B (RB), to achieve an epoxy-based prepolymer. Then, a diamine, m-xylylenediamine (MXDA), was used as hardener with the purpose of obtaining a crosslinked polymer. The curing conditions strongly influence the intended final properties and the optimization of the curing requires a reliable kinetic model. For that reason, this work presents the kinetic study of the polymerization of the epoxy resin by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in isothermal mode as well as by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DSC data were fitted using a Kamal autocatalytic equation. Conversion as a function of reaction time curves obtained by means of both techniques agreed well. In addition, the synthesized epoxy-based materials were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and their fluorescent properties were also analysed. 相似文献
52.
Patricia Kaori Soares Roy Edward Bruns Ieda Spacino Scarminio 《Journal of separation science》2009,32(4):644-652
The simplex centroid mixture design for the ethanol, dichloromethane, hexane and acetone solvents has been applied to the extraction of crude mass and the fiber, organic, neutral and basic fractions as well as the fractionation residues of Erythrina speciosa Andrews leaves. Binary and ternary synergic solvent interactions are seen to provide dominant contributions to the extraction of both crude mass and all the fractions. Quadratic and special cubic mixture models precisely predict the extracted quantities of each fraction and the residue as a function of the proportions of the four solvents. Different solvent mixtures are found to be the most efficient extractors for the different fractions: binary dichloromethane‐hexane mixtures for the fiber fraction, ternary ethanol‐dichloromethane‐acetone mixtures for the neutral fraction, binary ethanol‐dichloromethane mixtures for the organic fraction, crude extract and residue values and ternary ethanol‐dichloromethane‐hexane mixtures for the basic fraction. Principal component analysis shows that the ethanol‐dichloromethane mixtures are important for extracting large quantities of the basic and organic fractions as well as of the residue and crude masses. 相似文献
53.
Silvia Millán M. Carmen Sampedro Patricia Gallejones Ander Castellón Maria L. Ibargoitia M. Aranzazu Goicolea Ramón J. Barrio 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2009,394(6):1661-1669
A rapid and sensitive method for the speciation and quantification of glucosinolates in rapeseed is described. The method
combines liquid chromatography (LC) with ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) detection. Electrospray ionization (ESI) has been
chosen as the ionization technique for the on-line coupling of LC with ITMS. Glucosinolates are extracted from different rapeseeds
with MeOH and the extracts are cleaned-up by solid phase extraction with Florisil cartridges. Aqueous extracts are injected
into LC system coupled to an ITMS, leading to accurately quantify eight of the most important glucosinolates in rapeseed,
by MS2 mode and confirming their structure by MS3 acquisition. All the glucosinolates found in rapeseeds provide good signals corresponding to the deprotonated precursor ion
[M-H]−. The method is reliable and reproducible, and detection limits range from 0.5 nmol g−1 to 3.7 nmol g−1 when 200 mg of dried seeds of certified reference material are analyzed. Within-day and between-day RSD percentages range
between 2.4–14.1% and 3.9–16.9%, respectively. The LC-ESI-ITMS-MS method described here allows for a rapid assessment of these
metabolites in rapeseed without a desulfatation step. The overall process has been successfully applied to identify and quantify
glucosinolates in rapeseed samples. 相似文献
54.
This paper presents an urban rapid transit network design model, which consists of the location of train alignments and stations
in an urban traffic context. The design attempts to maximize the public transportation demand using the new infrastructure,
considering a limited budget and number of transit lines. The location problem also incorporates the fact that users can choose
their transportation mode and trips. In real cases, this problem is complex to solve because it has thousands of binary variables
and constraints, and cannot be solved efficiently by Branch and Bound. For this reason, some algorithms based on Benders decomposition
have been defined in order to solve it. These algorithms have been compared in test networks.
The project has been supported by the research project 70029/T05, from the Spanish “Ministerio de Fomento” and the research
project TRA2005-09068-C03-01, from the Spanish “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia”. 相似文献
55.
This paper studies the dynamics of a class of retarded impulsive differential equations (IDE), which generalizes the delayed cellular neural networks (DCNN), delayed bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks and some population growth models. Some sufficient criteria are obtained for the existence and global exponential stability of a unique equilibrium. When the impulsive jumps are absent, our results reduce to its corresponding results for the non-impulsive systems. The approaches are based on Banach’s fixed point theorem, matrix theory and its spectral theory. Due to this method, our results generalize and improve many previous known results such as [3], [5], [6], [9], [17], [18], [23], [32], [38], [43], [51], [52]. Some examples are also included to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the results obtained. 相似文献
56.
Steven J. Craythorne Kris Anderson Dr. Fabio Lorenzini Christina McCausland Emily F. Smith Peter Licence Dr. Andrew C. Marr Dr. Patricia C. Marr Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2009,15(29):7094-7100
Molecular hydrogenation catalysts have been co‐entrapped with the ionic liquid [Bmim]NTf2 inside a silica matrix by a sol–gel method. These catalytic ionogels have been compared to simple catalyst‐doped glasses, the parent homogeneous catalysts, commercial heterogeneous catalysts, and Rh‐doped mesoporous silica. The most active ionogel has been characterised by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and solid state NMR before and after catalysis. The ionogel catalysts were found to be remarkably active, recyclable and resistant to chemical change. 相似文献
57.
Patricia Lara Margarita Paneque Prof. Dr. Manuel L. Poveda Prof. Dr. Laura L. Santos Dr. José E. V. Valpuesta Verónica Salazar Dr. Ernesto Carmona Prof. Dr. Salvador Moncho Gregori Ujaque Dr. Agustí Lledós Prof. Dr. Celia Maya Dr. Kurt Mereiter Prof. Dr. 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2009,15(36):9046-9057
Experimental and theoretical studies on equilibria between iridium hydride alkylidene structures, [(TpMe2)Ir(H){?C(CH2R)ArO }] (TpMe2=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate; R=H, Me; Ar=substituted C6H4 group), and their corresponding hydride olefin isomers, [(TpMe2)Ir(H){R(H)C? C(H)OAr}], have been carried out. Compounds of these types are obtained either by reaction of the unsaturated fragment [(TpMe2)Ir(C6H5)2] with o‐C6H4(OH)CH2R, or with the substituted anisoles 2,6‐Me2C6H3OMe, 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2OMe, and 4‐Br‐2,6‐Me2C6H2OMe. The reactions with the substituted anisoles require not only multiple C? H bond activation but also cleavage of the Me? OAr bond and the reversible formation of a C? C bond (as revealed by 13C labeling studies). Equilibria between the two tautomeric structures of these complexes were achieved by prolonged heating at temperatures between 100 and 140 °C, with interconversion of isomeric complexes requiring inversion of the metal configuration, as well as the expected migratory insertion and hydrogen‐elimination reactions. This proposal is supported by a detailed computational exploration of the mechanism at the quantum mechanics (QM) level in the real system. For all compounds investigated, the equilibria favor the alkylidene structure over the olefinic isomer by a factor of between approximately 1 and 25. Calculations demonstrate that the main reason for this preference is the strong Ir–carbene interactions in the carbene isomers, rather than steric destabilization of the olefinic tautomers. 相似文献
58.
Luis Alberto Rodríguez‐Picn Anna Patricia Rodríguez‐Picn Alejandro Alvarado‐Iniesta 《商业与工业应用随机模型》2019,35(3):504-521
Most modern products that are highly reliable are complex in their inner and outer structures. This situation indicates quality characterization by the interaction of multiple performance characteristics, which motivates the utilization of robust reliability models to obtain robust estimates. It is paramount to obtaining substantial information about a product's life cycle; therefore, when multiple performance characteristics are dependent, it is important to find models that address the joint distribution of performance degradation of such. In this paper, a reliability model for products with 2 fatigue‐crack growth characteristics related to 2 degradation processes is developed. The proposed model considers the dependence among degradation processes by using copula functions considering the marginal degradation processes as inverse Gaussian processes. The statistical inference is performed by using a Bayesian approach to estimate the parameters of the joint bivariate model. A time‐scale transformation is considered to assure monotone paths of the degradation trajectories. The comparison results of the reliability analysis, under both dependent and independent assumptions, are reported with the implementation of the proposed modeling in a case study, which consists of the crack propagation data of 2 terminals of an electronic device. 相似文献
59.
Laura C. Carpi Osvaldo A. Rosso Patricia M. Saco Martín Gómez Ravetti 《Physics letters. A》2011,375(4):801-804
A methodology to analyze dynamical changes in complex networks based on Information Theory quantifiers is proposed. The square root of the Jensen-Shannon divergence, a measure of dissimilarity between two probability distributions, and the MPR Statistical Complexity are used to quantify states in the network evolution process. Three cases are analyzed, the Watts-Strogatz model, a gene network during the progression of Alzheimer's disease and a climate network for the Tropical Pacific region to study the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamic. We find that the proposed quantifiers are able not only to capture changes in the dynamics of the processes but also to quantify and compare states in their evolution. 相似文献
60.
The growing interest of public opinion in environmental problems conducted us to investigate the levels of a toxic traffic-related element such antimony in 19 size-fractionated street dust samples. Samples were collected in the megacity of Buenos Aires during two months at 19 sites with different urban characteristics and traffic profile. Samples were sieved in four fractions (F1 < 37 µm, F2: 37-55 µm, F3: 55-75 µm and F4: 55-100 µm) before elemental analysis. A mixture of aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid was used to digest all samples. Antimony concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) or flow injection hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (FI-HG-AAS).Twenty four out of 73 sub-samples analyzed showed Sb levels < 0.05 µg g− 1; in the rest of the samples mean Sb concentrations varied from 1.4 to 20.4 µg g− 1. Maximum and minimum concentrations (in µg g− 1) found in individual samples in the four fractions were: Fraction 1, < 0.05-20.4; Fraction 2, < 0.05-18.4; Fraction 3, < 0.05-6.3; Fraction 4, < 0.05-7.7.Antimony was found to be enriched in the smallest size fraction of road dust, with mean enrichment factors varying between 27 (F3) and 272 (F1). Concentrations of Sb were correlated with those of other traffic-related elements such as Cu and Pb and higher levels were found in areas with medium and high traffic densities. 相似文献